You'll need:

Motherboard
CPU
Graphics card
RAM
Hard drive/Solid state drive
A suitable power supply
A case to put your build in
Monitor

Thats all I can think off, there are very knowledgeable people on this forum who can help.

Okay first of all, you need to think what type of PC you're getting:
-Gaming (500+ [If you want a high end one you're looking 2000+])
-Work (200+)
-Casual, like for surfing the internet (100+)

Then you need to find out what works with what component and what doesn't, what I like to do is to go on a custom computer building website (my fav. is pcspecialist . com as it tells you exactly what is wrong in your specs)

Then you will need to find:

-CPU (I recommend i5 2500k or i7 3930k (if you have higher budget)

-GPU or Graphics Card (My build has Radeon 7970 but that's quite higher range and you could easily go for something less pricey)

-Motherboard (I'm going for X79, which again is quite high range [most of my stuff is so bare with me] but again you can go for much lower grade stuff)

-RAM (Random Access Memory) (I'm going for 16GB Rip Jaws [A well known make] and I wouldn't recommend going for 32GB unless you are doing rendering and gaming and lot's of multitasking at the same time)

-SSD/HDD (I'm going for 240gb SSD for games and my Operating System [Windows 7] so it loads up fast and then a 2TB HDD for Music and Videos ect...)

-PSU (Power Supply Unit) (I'm going for 850W CoolerMaster PSU but the Wattage depends on what kind of PC and components you have)

-Case (I like the look of CoolerMaster HAF X/932 so I would recommend those)

-CPU Cooler (This is VERY important, if you fry your CPU then you are fooked... and also a better CPU Cooler means better Overclocking, I'm going for the CoolerMaster H100 Water Cooling system [I highly recommend Water Cooling]

-Then you have accessories such as Monitor, Mouse Keyboard (Needed) then Webcam, Microphone/Headset ect... (Not Needed) [I am getting the Razer Mamba 2012 Edition Mouse, and the Razer Black Widow Keyboard and a 21.5" LCD Monitor

Where to get parts:

If you are in USA / Canada then I would recommend Newegg . com

But if you are in England then I recommend Novatech .co .uk


How to build:

Newegg made a pretty good tutorial on how to choose parts and actually build the computer, here you go:

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Have fun and I hope nothing goes wrong!

Also, before people go crazy at my decisions such as choosing Radeon over Nvidia, everyone has there own decisions and I prefer Radeon. And I'm no expert at computers and I might have made some mistakes, sorry about that!

Have fun!