It pretty much comes down to experience. The way your mmr is determined when you hit level 30 is pretty stupid and theres a good chance your mmr is higher than it should be. If you're not worried about your rank I would just played ranked and get placed low so that you can play against other people in your situation. Once you learn how much damage each champ can do in each kind of situation, you'll be able to play against it better, but it will take a while.

^ NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED. this is bronze level players he is against, no bronze players have skill.

use your jungler as help, farm from distance and don't attack until you get a gank. and it does not matter if you lose lanes. it's a team game 0-4 a game is not even that bad. i started playing league about 4 years ago and honestly i learned this game from LIVESTREAMS & YOUTUBE.

It all comes down to who you lane against also. Some games all you want to do is farm, farm, farm. No need to be aggressive every game depending on who you play against. If you have 130 CS around 18 minutes at your skill level you should be able to cope well even with 0 kills.

(Play Teemo & Watch Them Rage )

Start playing draft pick. Get used to bans, banning, and counter picking. As well as picking roles you would want to play.

As for laning I can give insight into top and jungle as those are my main roles. For top right now you really need to pick a bruiser or a tank within the meta. Give Garen, Maokai, Darius, Singed, Gnar, and Malphite a try.

Edit: learn to only last hit and freeze lane so you aren't over extended. This is a common occurrence with new players they will kill all the minions as fast as possible and soon catch themselves getting ganked under the enemy tower.

Also if you are on NA, PM me your summoner name I am more than willing to play with anyone.