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C# - Operators
Tutorial Name: C# - Operators
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C# - Operators
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. C# has rich set of built-in operators and provides the following type of operators:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Misc Operators
This tutorial explains the arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and other operators one by one.
Arithmetic Operators
Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by C#. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then:
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Example
The following example demonstrates all the arithmetic operators available in C#:
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int a = 21;
int b = 10;
int c;
c = a + b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a - b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a * b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a / b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a % b;
Console.WriteLine("Line 5 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a++;
Console.WriteLine("Line 6 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a--;
Console.WriteLine("Line 7 - Value of c is {0}", c);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Line 1 - Value of c is 31
Line 2 - Value of c is 11
Line 3 - Value of c is 210
Line 4 - Value of c is 2
Line 5 - Value of c is 1
Line 6 - Value of c is 21
Line 7 - Value of c is 22
Relational Operators
Following table shows all the relational operators supported by C#. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
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Example
The following example demonstrates all the relational operators available in C#:
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int a = 21;
int b = 10;
if (a == b)
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - a is equal to b");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - a is not equal to b");
}
if (a < b)
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - a is less than b");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - a is not less than b");
}
if (a > b)
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - a is greater than b");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - a is not greater than b");
}
/* Lets change value of a and b */
a = 5;
b = 20;
if (a <= b)
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to b");
}
if (b >= a)
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 5-b is either greater than or equal to b");
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Line 1 - a is not equal to b
Line 2 - a is not less than b
Line 3 - a is greater than b
Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to b
Line 5 - b is either greater than or equal to b
Logical Operators
Following table shows all the logical operators supported by C#. Assume variable A holds Boolean value true and variable B holds Boolean value false, then:
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Example
The following example demonstrates all the logical operators available in C#:
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
bool a = true;
bool b = true;
if (a && b)
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - Condition is true");
}
if (a || b)
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - Condition is true");
}
/* lets change the value of a and b */
a = false;
b = true;
if (a && b)
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - Condition is true");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - Condition is not true");
}
if (!(a && b))
{
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - Condition is true");
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Line 1 - Condition is true
Line 2 - Condition is true
Line 3 - Condition is not true
Line 4 - Condition is true
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit by bit operation. The truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows:
[img]https://gyazo.com/4b2112447d1c006cbdf43d4739aa7a3b[/img]
Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; then in the binary format they are as follows:
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A = 1100 0011
The Bitwise operators supported by C# are listed in the following table. Assume variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13, then:
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Example
The following example demonstrates all the bitwise operators available in C#:
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */
int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
int c = 0;
c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - Value of c is {0}", c );
c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 5 - Value of c is {0}", c);
c = a >> 2; /* 15 = 0000 1111 */
Console.WriteLine("Line 6 - Value of c is {0}", c);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Line 1 - Value of c is 12
Line 2 - Value of c is 61
Line 3 - Value of c is 49
Line 4 - Value of c is -61
Line 5 - Value of c is 240
Line 6 - Value of c is 15
Assignment Operators
There are following assignment operators supported by C#:
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Example
The following example demonstrates all the assignment operators available in C#:
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int a = 21;
int c;
c = a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - = Value of c = {0}", c);
c += a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - += Value of c = {0}", c);
c -= a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - -= Value of c = {0}", c);
c *= a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - *= Value of c = {0}", c);
c /= a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 5 - /= Value of c = {0}", c);
c = 200;
c %= a;
Console.WriteLine("Line 6 - %= Value of c = {0}", c);
c <<= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 7 - <<= Value of c = {0}", c);
c >>= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 8 - >>= Value of c = {0}", c);
c &= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 9 - &= Value of c = {0}", c);
c ^= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 10 - ^= Value of c = {0}", c);
c |= 2;
Console.WriteLine("Line 11 - |= Value of c = {0}", c);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Line 1 - = Value of c = 21
Line 2 - += Value of c = 42
Line 3 - -= Value of c = 21
Line 4 - *= Value of c = 441
Line 5 - /= Value of c = 21
Line 6 - %= Value of c = 11
Line 7 - <<= Value of c = 44
Line 8 - >>= Value of c = 11
Line 9 - &= Value of c = 2
Line 10 - ^= Value of c = 0
Line 11 - |= Value of c = 2
Miscillaneous Operators
There are few other important operators including sizeof, typeof[b] and [b]? : supported by C#.
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Example
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
/* example of sizeof operator */
Console.WriteLine("The size of int is {0}", sizeof(int));
Console.WriteLine("The size of short is {0}", sizeof(short));
Console.WriteLine("The size of double is {0}", sizeof(double));
/* example of ternary operator */
int a, b;
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20 : 30;
Console.WriteLine("Value of b is {0}", b);
b = (a == 10) ? 20 : 30;
Console.WriteLine("Value of b is {0}", b);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
The size of int is 4
The size of short is 2
The size of double is 8
Value of b is 30
Value of b is 20
Operator Precedence in C#
Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects evaluation of an expression. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator.
For example x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence than +, so the first evaluation takes place for 3*2 and then 7 is added into it.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators are evaluated first.
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Example
using System;
namespace OperatorsAppl
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int a = 20;
int b = 10;
int c = 15;
int d = 5;
int e;
e = (a + b) * c / d; // ( 30 * 15 ) / 5
Console.WriteLine("Value of (a + b) * c / d is : {0}", e);
e = ((a + b) * c) / d; // (30 * 15 ) / 5
Console.WriteLine("Value of ((a + b) * c) / d is : {0}", e);
e = (a + b) * (c / d); // (30) * (15/5)
Console.WriteLine("Value of (a + b) * (c / d) is : {0}", e);
e = a + (b * c) / d; // 20 + (150/5)
Console.WriteLine("Value of a + (b * c) / d is : {0}", e);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Value of (a + b) * c / d is : 90
Value of ((a + b) * c) / d is : 90
Value of (a + b) * (c / d) is : 90
Value of a + (b * c) / d is : 50
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